Prerequisites:
Before you begin, ensure that you have the following:
- A compatible device: Not all devices support custom ROMs. Some manufacturers restrict bootloader unlocking. To flash a custom recovery, you need to unlock the bootloader using fastboot tools. For certain devices like Samsung, you may require a tool like Odin.
- A custom recovery: TWRP is a widely used custom recovery. Download the appropriate version for your device. It is advisable to check the specifications of your phone if you plan to modify it.
- A custom ROM: Numerous custom ROMs offer distinct features and customization options. Research and choose the one that aligns with your requirements. ROMs can be stock-based, AOSP, or include GMS (Google Mobile Services).
You can also opt for a generic system image (GSI) compatible with Oreo (Android 8.0) and newer versions.
- Backup: Installing a custom ROM erases all data on your device. Prior to proceeding, back up all important data. For personal files and external storage like an SD Card, I recommend Syncthing. Alternatively, you can use Google One for affordable cloud storage that backs up user apps, settings, etc.
- Compatible USB driver
1. Download the TWRP recovery image specific to your device.
2. Reboot your device into fastboot mode (some phones use 'download mode' instead of fastboot). I recommend using platform tools. Open a command prompt, then by holding Shift, right-click in the platform tools folder.
adb devices
Confirm adb authorization on your phone.
adb reboot bootloader
Other examples could include:
adb reboot download
Note: If you're using PowerShell, the command would be:
.\adb reboot
Check if fastboot recognizes your phone by typing:
fastboot devices
You should see a series of numbers. If not, try installing the Google USB driver while the device is still in fastboot.
For Android Marshmallow (6.0), the command would be:
fastboot flash recovery "recovery.img"
On earlier Android versions, the command would typically be:
fastboot flash "recovery.img"
Replace "recovery.img" with the actual path. For instance, if your TWRP image file is in the downloads folder on Windows, the command would be:
fastboot flash recovery "C:\Users\jlind\Downloads\TWRP.img"
fastboot boot recovery
7. In TWRP, select "Backup" and choose the partitions you wish to back up. Ensure that all crucial data is backed up.
8. Once the backup is complete, return to the main menu and select "Wipe".
9. Choose "Advanced Wipe" and select the partitions you want to erase. Make sure to wipe the system partition.
Typically, you would wipe the system, data, cache, and dalvik cache.
10. After the wipe is finished, go back to the main menu and select "Install".
11. Navigate to the custom ROM file you downloaded earlier and select it.
For GMS, you'll require a GApps package.
12. Swipe to confirm the installation.
13. Once the installation is complete, return to the main menu and select "Reboot".
14. Your device should now boot into the new custom ROM.
Installing a custom ROM allows you to personalize your device and transform an old phone into something new. However, it is crucial to conduct diligent research and follow reliable guides to avoid any potential issues.
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